The map of European investment residency has changed dramatically in the past few years. Portugal removed real estate from its golden visa. Ireland closed its investor program entirely. Spain has moved to end its scheme. Across the continent, the political mood has turned against passive, property-based residency-for-sale. Amid this contraction, Latvia's investment residency framework has quietly endured — and for investors comparing what remains available, understanding why Latvia's model has proven durable is as important as understanding its mechanics.